This is evidence that the indigenous communities which Toraja have the most expensive of all regions in Indonesia

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Toraja have little clear idea about themselves as an ethnic group before the 20th century. Sebelumpenjajahan Netherlands and a Christianization, Toraja, who live in the highlands, recognizable by their villages, and do not assume the same group. Although the rituals create a relationship between the villages, there is a lot of diversity in dialects, social hierarchy, and various ritual practices in the highlands of Sulawesi. "Toraja" (from the coast to the language, which means people, and Riaja, plateau) was first used as a term resident lowland to highland population. As a result, at first "Toraja" more had trade relations with outsiders-such as Bugis, Makassar tribe, and the tribe that inhabited mostly Mandar Sulawesi lowland-than with his fellow tribe in the highlands. Dutch missionary presence in the Toraja highlands raise awareness in the area of ethnic Toraja Sa'dan Toraja, and a shared identity is growing with the rise of tourism in Tana Toraja. [4] Since then, South Sulawesi has four main ethnic groups-Bugis (includes shipbuilders and sailors), the tribe Makassar (merchants and sailors), Mandar tribe (traders, shipbuilders and sailors), and the Toraja (farmers in the highlands). There used to be thought that the Gulf of Tonkin, located between northern Vietnam and southern China, is a Toraja ethnic origin. Actually, only one of the Toraja people penuturbahasa Austronesian group. Initially, these immigrants live in the coastal areas of Sulawesi, but eventually moved to the highlands. Since the 17th century, the Dutch began plugging trade and political power in Sulawesi through Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC). For two centuries, they ignore the highland region of central Sulawesi (Toraja place to stay) because it is difficult to achieve and have little productive land. At the end of the 19th century, the Dutch began to worry about the rapid spread of Islam in South Sulawesi, especially among tribes and Bugis Makassar. Dutch see Toraja tribe who embrace animism as potential targets for the Christianized. In the 1920s, the mission of the spread of Christianity began to run with the help of the Dutch colonial government. In addition to spreading the religion, the Netherlands also abolish slavery and to apply local taxes. A line drawn around the area and called Tana Toraja Sa'dan. Tana Toraja originally a subdivision of the kingdom of Luwu who claim the region. In 1946, the Netherlands gave Tana Toraja Regentschap status, and Indonesia recognize it as a district in 1957. Dutch missionary who was coming received strong resistance from the Toraja due to the elimination of the lucrative trade lanes Toraja. Some of the Toraja have been moved to the lowlands forcibly by the Netherlands to be more easily regulated. Tax is set at a high level, with the aim of eroding the wealth of the elite society. Nevertheless, these efforts do not undermine Dutch Toraja culture, and few people Toraja who was a Christian. In 1950, only 10% of the Toraja who turned to Christianity. Muslim residents in low-lying attacking Toraja in the 1930s. As a result, much of the Toraja people who want to ally with the Dutch converted to Christianity to gain political protection, and in order to form a resistance movement against the Bugis and Makassar Muslim. Between 1951 and 1965 after the independence of Indonesia, South Sulawesi experienced the carnage of the Darul Islam rebellion launched, which aims to establish an Islamic state in Sulawesi. Guerrilla war that lasted for 15 years, contributing to

1. more and more people Toraja converted to Christianity. In 1965, a presidential decree requires that the entire population of Indonesia to adopt one of the five recognized religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism danBuddha. The original belief Toraja (aluk) are not legally recognized, and the Toraja seek to oppose the decree. To make aluk in accordance with the law, he should be accepted as part of one of the official religion. In 1969, Aluk To Dolo legalized as part of Agama Hindu Dharma. FUNERAL In the Toraja people, the funeral ceremony is a ritual that is the most important and costly. The more rich and powerful person, the cost of the funeral service will be more expensive. In religion aluk, only noble families were entitled to hold a large funeral party. Funeral party nobleman usually attended by hundreds of people and lasting for several days. A funeral procession place called Rante usually prepared in a prairie, in addition to being a place of mourners in attendance, as well as a granary, and various other funeral devices made by the family of the deceased. Flute music, singing, song and poetry, weeping and wailing is an expression of condolence carried out by the Toraja but it does not apply to the funeral of the children, the poor and the lower classes. The funeral ceremony recently held occasionally after weeks, months, even years since death is concerned, with the aim that the bereaved family can collect enough money to cover funeral expenses. Toraja people believe that death is not something that comes suddenly but is a gradual process toward Puya (the spirit world, or the afterlife). In the waiting period, the body is wrapped with a few pieces of cloth and kept under tongkonan. The spirits of the dead are believed to remain in the village until the funeral ceremony is completed, after which it will travel to the ghost of Puya. Another part of the cemetery is the slaughter of the buffalo. The more powerful a person the more buffalo were slaughtered. Slaughter carried out by using a machete. Buffalo carcass, including the head, lined up on the field, waiting for its owner, who was in the "sleeping period". Toraja people believe that spirits need a buffalo to make the journey and will be faster until at Puya if there are a lot of buffalo. Buffalo slaughtering tens and hundreds of pigs is the culmination funeral dance music blaring and young men who catch spurting blood with a long bamboo. Most of the meat is given to the guests and noted because it would be considered a debt to the family of the deceased. There are three ways cemetery: Coffins can be stored in a cave, or in tombs carved stone, or hung on a cliff. Rich people sometimes buried in tombs carved stone. The tombs are usually expensive and time making about a few months. In some areas, the rock caves used to save the bodies of all family members. Wood sculpture called tau tau is usually placed in the cave and facing outward. Coffins babies or children hanged with a rope on the cliff side. The rope is usually survive for a year before making his casket rot and fall. - MUSIC AND DANCE Toraja perform dances in several events, mostly in the funeral. They danced to show a sense of grief, and to honor the spirits of the deceased as well as encourage the spirits will live a long journey to the hereafter. First of all, a group of men formed a circle and sang all night in honor of the deceased (terseebut ritual called Ma'badong). The ritual is regarded as the most important component in the funeral ceremony. On the second day of the funeral, soldiers dance Ma'randing shown to commend the courage of the deceased during his lifetime. Some men do dances with swords, prisai of buffalo leather, buffalo horn helmet, and various other ornaments. Ma'randing dance procession started when the bodies were brought from granary to the Rante, where the funeral ceremony. During the ceremony, the adult females do Ma'katia dance while singing and wearing a feathered dress costume. Ma'akatia dance aims to remind the audience on the generosity and loyalty of the deceased. After the slaughter of the buffalo and pigs, a group of boys and girls clap cheerful while doing a dance called Ma'dondan. As in other agrarian society, Toraja tribal singing and dancing during the harvest season. Ma'bugi dance performed to meraya the Thanksgiving and dance Ma'gandangi displayed when the Toraja was pounding rice. There are several dance rolesg, for example Manimbong dance performed by men and then followed by the dance Ma'dandan by women. Religion Aluk regulate when and how the Toraja dancing. A dance called Ma'bua only be done 12 years. Ma'bua is important Toraja ceremony when religious leaders wearing buffalo head and danced around the sacred tree. Toraja traditional musical instruments is a bamboo flute called Pa'suling. Six hollow flute is played at many dances, such as the dance Ma'bondensan, when the instrument is played with a group of men who dance with no shirt and a long-nailed fingers. Toraja also has other musical instruments, for example Pa'pelle made from palm leaves and played at harvest time and when the opening ceremony of the house.